desperate student researching for missa l’homme arme of dufay?
huhuhuhu…does anyone know where to find music sheets of Missa L’homme arme? i need to critique kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus and agnus dei ….help..even if u make a short review of one of the songs is fine
I had to do a short 10-minute presentation on this for my graduate “Music before 1600″ class a couple of years ago. This isn’t much, but here are my notes for it (note that the indentation didn’t make it — sorry about that):
1. L’homme Armé
a.A melody used as the tenor cantus firmus in over 30 mass cycles between about 1450 and the end of the 17th century, with most set during the period 1450-1500
b.Origins
i.1453: Constantinople fell to Ottoman Turks – huge psychological impact throughout Europe.
ii.First appearance of the song “L’homme armée” coincides with this event
iii.Various theories as to meaning of “the armed man”
c.Distinctive tune, easy to “hear” in contrapuntal texture
d.Still serving as subject for contemporary compositions, including some masses
2. Dufay’s Missa L’homme armé
a.Written late in his life (1450-60)
b.Was this the first mass setting of the tune? (some controversy about this)
c.Changing nature of cantus firmus
a.Early organum: plainchant serves as tenor cantus firmus (Musica Enchiriadis through Perotin)
b.1300s
i.plainchant continues to be used as cantus firmus
ii.isorhythmic treatment prevails
iii.By end of 14th century, mass cycles appear with liturgically appropriate plainchants as cantus firmi (but no single unifying melody)
c.1400s –
i.cantus firmus elaboration –
1.added rhythm
2.interpolated notes between original plainchant notes
ii.plainchant melody “deconstructed” – bits used in various ways in various voices
iii.first use of secular cantus firmus: Dufay’s Missa ‘Se la face ay pale’
d.‘L’homme armé’ used a variety of ways, but supplies unifying theme to the mass.
e.Examples:
a.Kyrie
b.Agnus dei III
And here’s my bibliography:
Bloxam, M. Jennifer: Cantus firmus, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 04 November 2006),
Excellent description of the function and historical use of cantus firmus
Crocker, Richard L. A History of Musical Style. New York: Dover Publications. 1986
Davison, Archibald T. and Willi Apel. Historical Anthology of Music: Oriental Medieval and Renaissance Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.
Fallows, David: L’homme armé, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 04 November 2006),
Discussion of the history of the secular song used as the tenor in over 40 masses
Planchart, Alejandro Enrique: Du Fay, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 04 November 2006),
Detailed biography and discussion of the works of Guillaume Dufay
Samuel Barber: Agnus Dei (Adagio for strings)
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